Chicken Pox essays

Chicken Pox articles What's your opinion of when you here the term chicken pox? Presumably an exceptionally irritated time in you life or an irritated time hanging tight ahead for you, except if you are one of only a handful hardly any fortunate ones. I know getting chicken pox most likely wasnt the best time in your life however nearly everybody needs to go however it. Its helps me to remember getting your shots before you can start school, you loathe getting them, yet you are told its a need. Before the 6th century shingles, an auxiliary contamination of chicken pox was distinguished. At that point after the nineteen century chicken pox was distinguished as a different ailment from the smallpox ailment. In 1995 the United States Food and Drug Organization endorsed the primary immunization against chicken pox. This came after extraordinary testing in Japan which appeared there was no waiting impacts. Despite the fact that the immunization is being used today and is demonstrated to be protected, it is still under discussion on the off chance that it ought to be utilized and in the event that it Chicken pox is brought about by the varicalla-zoster infection (VZV). Chicken pox is very infectious, roughly 4,000,000 cases happen every year. Taking in wheezed air by somebody who is tainted with chicken pox is the most well-known way this ailment is The most evident side effect is an irritated rash which begins the body and scalp and spreads to the face, arms, and legs. This rash structures rankles that dry and become scabs in four to five days. A tainted individual may have anyplace from just a couple of scabs to additional than 500 scabs on their body during and assault. At the point when you get the rash you ought to have a specialist inspect it. Rashes have numerous various causes, this is the reason it is ideal to have a specialist analyze the sickness. The person in question might get some information about contact with other youngsters who have chicken pox or measles or other Rashes arent the main indication of chicken pox, an individual migh ... <!

American Films and Hero

Whose name strikes a chord when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A legend is an individual you appreciate, gaze upward to, and have regard for. A legend is somebody you need to transcript in light of their activities and achievements. A saint is somebody we esteem, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My saint is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the awful and unpleasant occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could persevere through my life. After all the mix-ups I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. Furthermore, those occasions when I was grief stricken or confounded crazy, it was her who offered me guidance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to reveal to them everything about occurs in you r life, and it is extremely unlikely you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.Whose name strikes a chord when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A legend is an individual you appreciate, gaze upward to, and have regard for. A saint is somebody you need to transcript on account of their activities and achievements. A saint is somebody we esteem, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My saint is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the terrible and unpleasant occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could persevere through my life. After all the slip-ups I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. What's more, those occasions when I was shattered or befuddled insane, it was her who offered me gu idance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to disclose to them everything about occurs in your life, and it is highly unlikely you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.Whose name strikes a chord when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A legend is an individual you appreciate, turn upward to, and have regard for. A saint is somebody you need to transcript as a result of their activities and achievements. A legend is somebody we appreciate, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My legend is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the awful and unpleasant occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could persevere through my life. After all the errors I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. Furthermore, those occasions when I was sorrowful or confounded crazy, it was her who offered me guidance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to reveal to them everything about occurs in your life, and it is highly unlikely you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.Whose name strikes a chord when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A saint is an individual you appreciate, gaze upward to, and have regard for. A legend is somebody you need to transcript as a result of their activities and achievements. A saint is somebody we esteem, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My legend is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the terrible and harsh occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that cou ld persevere through my life. After all the slip-ups I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. Also, those occasions when I was crushed or befuddled crazy, it was her who offered me guidance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to disclose to them everything about occurs in your life, and it is highly unlikely you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.Whose name strikes a chord when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A legend is an individual you appreciate, turn upward to, and have regard for. A legend is somebody you need to transcript as a result of their activities and achievements. A legend is somebody we esteem, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My saint is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the awful and harsh occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could persevere through my life. After all the mix-ups I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. What's more, those occasions when I was grief stricken or confounded crazy, it was her who offered me guidance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to disclose to them everything about occurs in your life, and its absolutely impossible you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.

SIPA and The Simpsons COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA and The Simpsons COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I am not what you would call an avid follower of The Simpsons television show, however I do watch it occasionally and have always been impressed with the way the creators integrate real people into episodes. Recently I received an email from an alumnus of our program notifying me that a SIPA faculty member was mentioned in an episode.   Jagdish Bhagwati is professor at SIPA and from what I understand, what you see below is a ballot created on the show to help guess the winners of Nobel prizes.   One SIPA professor, Joseph Stiglitz, actually did win the Nobel Prize in economics in 2001.

Good Governance And Public Sector Management - 1022 Words

Governance Olalekan Ajayi California State University, Northridge Abstract: There is no single definition of â€Å"good governance†. Good governance is linked different aspects especially politically. Good Governance is linked to Public Sector Management and how it is developing. Public Sector Management has went through changes over the past decades: from Traditional Public Administration to New Public Management or in other words Governance and managerialism. Moving from traditional administration with emphasis on neutrality of the public, tenure, career and a structure of hierarchical authority. The New Public Management with emphasis on commercialization and privatization and other private sector concepts, the implementation of the notion of competition and business in managerialism intensified the idea of customer orientation in public service delivery. To enable and discuss a key question, to be posed at the outset is: What is governance? Basically, governance (as opposed to â€Å"good† governance) can be defined as the rule of the rulers, typically within a given set of rules. You might come to the conclusion that governance is the process in which authority is conferred on rulers. All together, they make the rules and those rules are enforced and modified. A key concept to understanding governance requires an identification of both the rules and the rulers. Another concept to understand would be the various processes by whichShow MoreRelatedInformation Security In Zanziabar Public Sector1465 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Security in Zanzibar’s public sector† (Shaaban, et al., 2012). Most of these challenges are partly attributed to lack of proper budgeting for ICT infrastructures, cultural gap awareness, political instability, trust, business continuity plan, and inadequate human resource management to effectively manage this technology (Dada, 2006). 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The World Trade Organization Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4669 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Executive Summary The World Trade Organisation represents the unifying global association that brings divergent economies, legal systems, customs, internal policies and political systems into a sphere whereby a common ground in terms of a level playing field is established for all member nations. Favouritism, special interest, and other imbalances are eliminated to bring the term globalisation into a uniform as well as universal context. As is expected, the World Trade Organization has defined rules, regulations, procedures and processes to ensure this level playing field remains level, regardless of the size, influence or resources of its differing members. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The World Trade Organization Example For Free" essay for you Create order And therein lies the reason as to why it has been effective. And while there are critics who have their individualistic opinions and comments, some well-founded, and others not, no one has proposed another forum to improve upon and or replace the WTO, which dispute its imperfections, functions! The preceding represents the organisation that the Russian Federation is seeking admission to. Such has been a process that has entailed over a decade and is still not concluded. The reasons for the aforementioned shall be examine herein, as well as the changes, modifications and other facets that the country is being called upon to modify in accordance with accession rules. Given the past history of the Russian Federation, the transition to a market economy has and does represent substantive changes with regard to internal policies and practices impacting upon all areas of the countrys economy. Such transitional changes have been successfully broached by China as well as Vietnam and other former communist states, so the challenge facing the Russian Federation has precedent. This examination shall delve into the aforementioned accession process with respect to the Russian Federation, looking into the countrys most dominant and important industrial sections to gauge the impact the process has, is having and will have in terms of impact. Chapter 1 – Introduction In order to understand the context of the World Trade Organisation as well as its impact on Russia, and its industries, notably oil, gas, and construction, one must delve into the broad area of world trade in general as a foundational understanding for this examination. Globalisation has been utilised as a format to discuss as well as explain many issues, world trade of course being a major component of the foregoing. Mann (1993, p. 9) provides a broad understanding of the complexities and context of globalisation through his statement â€Å"In major transitions the fundamental interrelations, and very identities, of organisations such as ‘economies or ‘states become metamorphosed. Even the very definition of ‘society may change.† The broad reference in terms of globalisation as provided from the preceding points to the need to clarify this catch phrase as used by academia, politicians as well as journalists, and economists concerning its reference in terms of this examination to distinguish it in the context of utilisation. In its general sense, globalisation represents a short method â€Å"†¦of describing the spread and connectedness of production, communication and technologies across the world† (Smith and Doyle, 2002). The context that we utilise globalisation in this examination refers to the processes â€Å"†¦of reducing barriers between countries and encouraging closer economic, political, and social interaction† (Tabb, 1999). Globalisation is also described as â€Å"†¦the creation of international strategies by organizations for overseas expansion and operation on a worldwide level.† (BNET, 2007). As a word, and concept it, globalisation, entails the technological achievements in the fields of travel and shipping, airplanes, communications and data transfer, production and outsourcing, marketing and communications, regional trading organisations and trade blocks as well as ec onomics that has called for the increased recognition of expanding the visions of countries, governments and multinational corporations to include the world view (Berger, 2005, pp. 33-38). It, globalisation, is the processes that refer to increased global interconnectivity as well as integration with respect to economic, social, cultural, political, technological, and ecological practices as countries and companies must utilise a common ground to make their products, goods, services, and ideals acceptable on the world stages in response to other countries and companies competing to expand their influence and economic power (Raskin et al, 2002, pp. 15-13). Theodore Levitt is generally credited with coining the phrase ‘globalisation in 1983 through his book â€Å"The Globalization of Markets† (Harvard Business School, 2006), however, the term, globalisation, can be traced as far back as 1944 with the ending of the Second World War. There are historians as well as economists who indicate that the process of globalisation is a centuries old phenomenon that tracks the process of human expansion, and civilisation which over the past fifty years has intensified dramatically, taking on a more structured foundation that is underpinned by economics, and the needs for uniformity (ORourke and Williamson, 2001, pp. 1-7). An while globalisation, and politics are interrelated, as a result of governmental involvement, Shaw (1999, p. 1) advises that â€Å"†¦politics has been seen as secondary to globalisation; political institutions, forces and ideas are generally believed to be responding to phenomena which are located primarily in other social realms†. This view is also shared by Gray (1998, pp. 34-54) as well as Hirst and Thompson, 1996, pp. 23-41). They explain that globalisation is a reflection of economy, sociology as well as culture, along with philosophy, which has been demonstrated through history in terms of expansionism in the ancient as well as medieval worlds, with politics as the secondary facet. Nicholson (1999, p. 23) amplifies the foregoing in stating that â€Å"†¦there were big population moves from Europe to America, both North and South, followed by the equally large but involuntary movements of Africans to the Americas (prior to 1770, more African slaves than Europeans went to the Americas †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and that â€Å"†¦Europeans opened up sea routes to India and interactions began even if they were not always welcome †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The point of the preceding as well as what follows in terms of globalisation, is to illustrate how deeply embedded it is in the global economy as an historical fact that has taken on increased intensity in the twenty-first century. The impact, in terms of increased trade, brought about by globalisation is illustrated in the decrease in poverty rates as shown by the following: Table 1 – Decrease in Global Poverty Rates (World Bank, 2006) Area Demographic 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 Percentage Change 1981-2002 Less than $1 a day 57.7% 38.9% 28.0% 29.6% 24.9% 16.6% 15.7% 11.1% -80.76% Less than $2 a day 84.8% 76.6% 67.7% 69.9% 64.8% 53.3% 50.3% 40.7% -52.00% Less than $1 a day 9.7% 11.8% 10.9% 11.3% 11.3% 10.7% 10.5% 8.9% -8.25% Less than $2 a day 29.6% 30.4% 27.8% 28.4% 29.5% 24.1% 25.1% 23.4% -29.94% Less than $1 a day 41.6% 46.3% 46.8% 44.6% 44.0% 45.6% 45.7% 44.0% +5.77% Less than $2 a day 73.3% 76.1% 76.1% 75.0% 74.6% 75.1% 76.1% 74.9% +2.18% The preceding represents a critical facet in understanding the contribution of globalisation to the increase of living standards through trade, and increased economic activity, which benefits developed as well as under developed countries. Within the context of this examination, the following points to the importance of world trade in terms of Russia in comparison with the rest of the world: Table 2 – Growth in the Val ue of World Merchandise Trade by Region, 2000 – 2005 (World Trade Organization, 2006) As shown by the above, the annual global percentage change in terms of exports during 2000 through 2005 averaged 1 percent, with Russia recording an average growth rate of 18 percent. More telling is that during 2004 and 2005, Russia recorded a percentage increase of 35 and 33 percent, respectively, while the global average increase during those years was 22 and 13 percent. The following Table provides closer insight into the foregoing. Table 3 – World Merchandise Exports by Region (World Trade Organization, 2006) Russias share of world trade between 2000, and 2005 increased by 18 percent in comparison with a global increase of 10 percent, with the countrys increases during 2004 and 2005 recording increases of 36 and 28 percent respectively compared against global trade increases during those years of 22 and 13 percent. The foregoing is the backdrop in terms if unde rstanding the importance of global trade as well as its impact on the countrys economy as shall be further discussed in following chapters. Chapter 2 – Literature Review 2.1 The World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) sets forth governing principles and uniformity regarding â€Å"†¦ the rules of trade between nations at a global level †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (World Trade Organization, 2007a). It represents the primary international organisation to aid in the promotion of free trade through its foundation of rules governing the process on an international level to provide an equitable playing field that is applicable as well as just, and fair to all nations (Free Trade and Globalization, 2007). Organized in 1995, the WTO is the outgrowth of understandings as well as practices that began from the failed International Trade Organization in 1948 (World Trade Organization, 2007b). That attempt was a result of the ‘General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that was created as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference representing a segment of the larger plan for economic recovery in the aftermath of World War II (Hoekman and Kostecki, 1995, p. 1). Its origin, GATT â€Å"†¦can be traced to the U.S. governments Proposals for the Expansion of World Trade and Employment †¦Ã¢â‚¬  that was subsequently forwarded to all countries (Srinivasan, 1998, p. 9). The Soviet Union represented the notable exception in terms of accepting the preceding invitation, which had also elected not to join the World Bank (Srinivasan, 1998, p. 9). The council oversaw deliberations that resulted in a total of 123 bilateral agreements covering 50,000 items that were negotiated in over 1,000 meeting, which resulted in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade being adopted on 18 November 1947, and signed by 23 countries (Srinivasan, 1998, p. 9). The foregoing was formalised in 1947 at the first meeting of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations held in Havana, Cuba, and said Proposals for the Expansion of World Trade and Employment were adopted unanimously (Srinivasan, 1998, p. 9). At that meeting the Economic and Social Council of th e United Nations â€Å"†¦appointed a preparatory committee for the conference consisting of the United States, Norway, Chile, Lebanon, and the fifteen countries invited by the United States for tariff-reduction negotiations. The Soviet Union again chose not to participate in the deliberations of the preparatory committee† (Srinivasan, 1998, p. 9). Between 1948 and 1994 GATT represented the only multilateral regulating body covering world trade in terms of uniform rules, requirements and measures, until it was replaced by the World Trade Organization in 1995 (Hoekman and Kostecki, 1995, p. 36). For the sake of clarity, GATT represented a set of rules for the conduct of international trade that operated without a solid institutional basis, having no provisional secretariat (UNESCO, 2007). In understanding GATT it is important to be cognizant that it, GATT, was a provisional agreement in terms of its legal status whereas the World Trade Organization, along with its agreements are permanent as well as mandatory (UNESCO, 2007). Another important distinction between the two is that GATT concerned itself only with the trade in goods, whereas the World Trade Organization covers trade in services, termed General Agreement on Trade of Services, trade related to intellectual property, which is called TRIPS as well as the trade in goods under GATT 1994, an updated version of the original GATT agreement of 1947 (UNESCO, 2007). In the World Trade Organization, its agreements are multilateral covering all member states, whereas under GATT the agreements were plurilateral, meaning selective (UNESCO, 2007). Finally, the World Trade Organization has a dispute settlement system that operates in a faster as well as more automatic methodology than the system under GATT, importantly, the WTO rulings cannot be blocked by any member states (UNESCO, 2007). The following provides a summarised illustrative timeline of GATT and the WTO: Table 4 – Time line of GATT and the WTO (Crowley, 2003, p. 43) Consisting of 150 member nations, from its original 23, the World Trade Organization oversees an estimated 97 percent of all global trade (Crowley, 2003, p. 42). The progress of the organisation in aiding in the increase of world trade as a result of the uniformity of its agreements, measures, and dispute resolution is shown by the following: Diagram 1 – Growth of Trade Among WTO Members and Tariff Decline, 1946 through 2001 (Crowley, 2003, p. 44) Reasons that are attributed to the foregoing success are found in the fact that the World Trade Organization represents reciprocity as well as non-discrimination. Reciprocity is the procedure in GATT negotiating rounds whereby a country offers to reduce a trade barrier, and a second country reciprocates through offering to reduce one of its trade barriers (Crowley, 2003, p. 44). Non-discrimination refers to equal treatment. The preceding means that if one country of fers a tariff concession, and or benefit to another member of GATT, said tariff concession, and or benefit must be offered to all GATT members (Crowley, 2003, p. 44). The foregoing two principles, reciprocity and non-discrimination, are termed by Bagwell and Staiger (2001) as the key reasons why the WTO has been successful in its role as the international arbiter of trade. In understanding the importance of the preceding, a brief discussion of tariffs within the WTO is in order. Tariffs are another form of tax, which raises the price consumers must pay for an item (goods), and either brings an imported item into price parity for a countrys domestically produced goods, or raises its price to make it more expensive in relationship to domestically produced goods (Adams et al, 1979, pp. 35-49). In the instance of smaller countries, they benefit from unilaterally lowering their tariffs as they are unable to affect the price of goods sold on the global market (Adams et al, 1979, pp. 35-49). In fact, raising tariffs for a small country would result in its being worse off as a result of the loss of welfare to consumers as transmitted by the higher prices resulting in a loss of efficiency in the market as a result of consumption distortion. In the instance of larger countries whereby their goods comprise a goodly share of the global market, a change in tariff pricing upward constitutes a different effect. This is reflected in the following figure: Diagram 2 Impact of a Tariff on a Large Country (Crowley, 2003, p. 45) The resulting scenario is more complicated. In the instances of a large country import demand represents a large share of the global market (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). As a result, the imposition of a tariff by a large country reduces import quantity demand, and causes global prices to fall (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). In terms of trade the preceding makes a country better off as it now can purchase imports at a lower price on the global mar ket (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). While the consumer pays a higher price on the imported good, the total welfare of the importing country is better off as government earns tariff revenues, and import competing producers thus earn higher profits (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). In terms of the preceding illustration, a key point that needs covering is the burden of the tax (tariff) resulting. The consumers in the subject large country pay a higher cost for the goods that are imported in this instance when the illustrative tariff is imposed, however they do not pay the full burden of the imposed tariff (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). The imposed tariff created a condition whereby the falling world price of the good impacts the foreign exporters who receive a smaller payment, thus the exporting country loses a portion of its purchasing power in terms of the global market in this scenario that worsens its trade (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). As a result some of the cost of the indicated tariff is off loaded onto the foreign producers in terms of the lowered price they receive (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). The foregoing is termed a ‘beggar tariff as the foreign producers suffer losses (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). The utilisation of this type of tariff by a large nation results in the importing country being better off, and thus the exporting country being worse off (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). Furthermore, the preceding produces what are termed as ‘inefficiencies in the global trading system that overall cause the net effect of said tariff to become negative as it produces inefficient distortions in production in both nations (Crowley, 2003, p. 45). The net / net of the foregoing is that the imposed subject example tariff is not good for the global economy as a whole, however, it benefits the importing country. The end of World War II provides an example of the preceding as many countries had high tariffs, which did not benefit the countries, and or consumers (Crowley, 2003, p. 4 5). Cooperative action on the part of countries as found under the WTO has increased the balance of good actions in terms of the foregoing dilemma. GATT, represented and represents the mechanism via which the short sighted self-interest equation has been balanced. GATT, and its reciprocal tariff reductions provided and provide such a mechanism (Narliker, 2003, pp. 12-14). In understanding the picture of global trade flows Hoekman and Kostecki (2001, p. 9) advise â€Å"Global trade flows are dominated by exchanges within and between the three major regions of the global economy (the so-called triad): Europe, North America, and East Asia. The principles and disciplines of the GATT helped governments to liberalize trade and to resist pressures for protection† the foregoing has aided in fostering increased integration of the worlds economy as a result of heightened trade levels. The centrepiece of the preceding is the World Trade Organization, which also works with the I nternational Monetary Fund, the World Bank as well as Regional Trading Blocks, and member government nations. The complexities of world trade, developing nations, and nations ascending to membership in the WTO brings with it economic, social, institutional, policies, and monetary ramifications whereby the WTO does not operate in a vacuum. The process of globalisation in todays terms means closer cooperation between various multilateral institutions in the critical roles of policy formulation as well as the differing elements constituting economic policy frameworks. The preceding means the participation and support along with assistance from the World Bank as well as the International Monetary fund in aiding developing, and ascension countries in meeting the rules, and policies to become a member of the WTO. In understanding the role of the World Trade Organization it is important to note that it does not define, and or specify outcomes for trade policies, it establishes a f ramework (Srinivasan, 1998, pp. 38-41). An example of the foregoing is provided by Article XXIX, Article 4 of the WTO, which aims â€Å"†¦to clarify the conditions under which a regional arrangement, free trade area, customs union or interim arrangement that, after a transition period, may give rise to a customs union or free trade area that is compatible with the GATT† (Landau, 2004, p. 88). The Article continues â€Å"†¦any preferential agreement between developed countries or between the latter and developing countries containing tariff preferences on a defined number of sectors is, on principle, compatible with the WTO. These arrangements must satisfy Article 4 of Article XXIV, in that they have been created in order to facilitate trade and not to form new trade barriers against non-member countries† (Landau, 2004, p. 88). It, Article XXIV, aims at ensuring regional trade arrangements result in the creation of trade as opposed to diverting it, and s eeing that adverse effects are reduced to their minimums (Landau, 2004, p. 88). In addition Article XXIV â€Å"†¦stipulates that customs duties and restrictive trade rules must be eliminated substantially on all sectors of trade originating from the territories of the regional area† (Landau, 2004, p. 88). The main objectives of the World Trade Organization are, 1). Transparency, 2). Coherence, and 3). Tariff Negotiation via which it guide the process. 2.2 The Russian Federation The Soviet Union, now known as the Russia Federation, represents a landmass that is four times the size of Europe, but having less than half of Europes population, and by comparison it is as large as the entire continent of North America (Summer, 1943, p. 1). The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics came into being in 1917, signalling the â€Å"†¦Stalinist revolution of planned industrialization and collectivisation †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Summer, 1943, p. 48). And while the change in regimes was dramatic, many things stayed essentially the same (Summer, 1943, p. 48): the â€Å"†¦ great centralisation of power †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the â€Å"†¦ enormous range of state action †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the â€Å"†¦ massive bureaucracy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the â€Å"†¦ extreme emphasis on the army †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the â€Å"†¦ drastic use of force and the secret police †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and the â€Å"†¦semi-deification of the leader or sovereign †¦Ã¢ €  In understanding the Soviet Union, one must be cognizant of four major facets that aid in the explanation of the preceding (Summer, 1943, p. 49): â€Å"†¦the problem of governing an immense area and a multitude of peoples with relatively low material and cultural standards †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ the problem of defence †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ the impossibility of a complete break with past customs, attitudes of mind and feeling, and ways of doing things †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and â€Å"†¦ the communist view of the state †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Lenins contribution to Russia was the doctrine of communism that provided â€Å"†¦the goal of communism and the vision of man new made and a revolutionary method the dictatorship of the vanguard of the proletariat organized through the Communist party and linked up with the masses through the soviets† (Summer, 1943, p. 49). â€Å"The idea both of party and of soviets was new to Russia in 1917, but they are the two institutional bases upon which the revolutionary regime has been built up† (Summer, 1943, p. 49). One of the outgrowths of the new Russia was the development of the largest militarised economy ever seen (Gaddy, 1996, p. 1). The preceding is important in understanding the context of the former Soviet economy, and the implications inherent in its ascension to the World Trade Organization. The military represented a â€Å"†¦process that affected the very nature of the system in both its political and economic dimensions† (Gaddy, 1996, p. 1). The foregoing is explained by Gaddy (1996, p. 1) as supported and fed by â€Å"Continual references to a military threat from without, intensified immensely by the campaigns of glorification of sacrifice and patriotism surrounding the victory in World War II, played a major role in creating and perpetuating the climate of secrecy and control that was necessary to justify unquestioning acceptance of Com munist rule†. It is important to understand that the militarist nature of the Soviet Union severely impacted, affected and underpinned the economic system within the country. The post – Soviet era in Russia has changed that underpinning, most notably the removal of restrictions on individuals (Gaddy, 1996, p. 1). The military industrial sector of the economy has been drastically reduced, with the armaments sector producing a very small portion of what it did in 1991 (Gaddy, 1996, p. 1). The importance of the preceding is that two out of three Russian workers who were engaged in military, and or weapons production in a system whereby militarisation represented the manner in which the State restricted free choice and allocated the countrys resources into its priority sectors (Gaddy, 1996, p. 1). While the foregoing is seemingly an issue of the past, the fact is in economic terms it is very much a part of the present, and thus germane to this examination of Russia s economy, and its accession into the World Trade Organisation. The foregoing understanding with regard to the lingering effects of public debt was brought forth by Shutaro Matsushita (1929, p. 5) in the late 1920s through his analysis of â€Å"The Economic Effects of Public Debts†, where he brought forth the concept of ‘forced loans or obligations. The preceding represents when the state undertakes to pursue a path of economic debt. The following reference does not specifically apply itself to the status of events in the Soviet Union, yet its implications in terms of economic consequences is apparent (Matsushita, 1929, p. 85): â€Å"When these government notes are suddenly issued, there is an increase in the medium of exchange, without any commercial necessity for such an increase, in other words, there, is an inflation of the currency. Prices will rise, commercial relations will be disturbed, and creditors will suffer severely. Prices rise because there is an augmented supply of money to carry on exchanges, without any necessary increase in the commodities to be exchanged. Commercial relations are disturbed because merchants and manufacturers must readjust themselves to the, sudden rise in the prices of goods. Creditors suffer, because the same nominal amount of money does not have as much purchasing power as before. Moreover, as is always the case in a period of rising prices, wage-earners suffer because the rise in wages always lags behind the rise in prices.† The size of the Soviet Union provides the country with a broad breathe of natural resources. At 22.4 million square kilometres the Soviet Union is almost four times the size of Europe, and only slightly smaller than North America (countrystudies.us, 2006). Given its vast expanse of land the country traverses a broad range of topography, thus providing it with exposure to differing types of natural resources as a result of the preceding. The country accounts for an estimated 20 percent of the global production of oil and natural gas, with large reserves of both (countrystudies.us, 2006). These reserves generate hard currency for the country, along with its vast reserves of â€Å"†¦ iron ore, manganese, chromium, nickel, platinum, titanium, copper, tin, lead, tungsten, diamonds, phosphates, and gold †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as well as huge timber reserves located in Siberia (countrystudies.us, 2006). This underpinning of vast natural resources is the core from which Russia is able to build its new economy in the face of the collapse of the Soviet Union. From 1927 through 1987, the economy of the Soviet Union operated under the foundational premise as set forth by Joseph Stalin, â€Å"†¦with only incidental modifications made between 1953 and 1987† (countrystudies.us, 2006). The control of the Soviet economy under Stalin represented the utilisation of the ‘Five Year Plan that represented the means for the country to mars hal its vast resources into materials for production (Ilin et al, 1931, p. 18). It was a backward country compared to Europe, primarily Britain, France, and the United States with relatively no internal infrastructure, factories, transportation systems, cities, and industry. The policies of the ‘five year plan have been argued as being one of the most effective means for pulling the then backward Soviet Union out of the eighteenth century, and into the twentieth century as it was such a vast undertaking (Ilin et al, 1931, pp. 27-31). In order to solidify their power the socialists had to find a means to implement real progress within the country as a demonstration of the vision, success, and foresight of their system in addressing the massive problems of the country In addition to the pressures from within, there were external pressures as represented by capitalists countries which were impacting upon internal pricing structures as a result of Russias inability to compe te in terms of productivity, and market efficiencies (James, 1937, pp. 197-207). The ‘five year plan represented a means via which the state could plan the progress of the country as well as administer its control policies, and solidify its absolute power. It, the five-year plan, represented â€Å"†¦the chief mechanisms the Soviet government used to translate economic policies into programs† (countrystudies.us, 2006). For over sixty years the Russian economy was controlled by the state under the principles of centralised planning, which represented virtual control over all aspects of production, investment as well as consumption (countrystudies.us, 2006). The central planning concept also served to enable the country to marshal its resources quickly, as demonstrated by the invasion by Nazi forces. But, the problems of centralised planning, and its abuses were also evident in that Soviet industry was able to purchase raw materials such as oil, coal, and nat ural gas at prices that were below the global market levels, thus encouraging waste, and inefficiencies (countrystudies.us, 2006). The appointment of Mikhial Gorbachev as the General Secretary of the Community Party in 1985 is hailed as the beginning of the demise of the Soviet Union as a result of his reform policies of glasnost, democratisation and most of all perestroika (Graham, 2007). Glasnost (1990) represented a policy that called for openness, maximisation of publicity, and transparency concerning the activities of the state, along with the implementation of freedom of information (Bettaux et al, 2004, p. 8). The preceding was put into effect by Gorbachev in an effort to reduce the internal corruption at the head of the Communist Party as well as government, and Central Committee (Bettaux et al, 2004, p. 10-14). Democratisation in Russia, as brought forth by Gorbachev, implied increased public discussions, primarily on cultural as well as economic issues, along wit h the increased interaction of leaders of the Communist party with the populace, and some liberalisation of personal freedoms and censorship relaxation (Ross, 2002, pp. 18-20). Gorbachev stated in 1989 that theâ€Å"†¦ republics rights of sovereignty were largely formal in nature. Up to now†, and he noted, â€Å"Our state has existed as a centralized and unitary state and none of us has yet the experience of living in a federation† (Kux, 1990, p. 2). Of all of Gorbachevs policies, perestroika is credited with becoming the unintended cat.

The Canadian Association Of Social Work - 1277 Words

In the profession of Social Work there are several policies, procedures, rules and guidelines that govern the way we make ethical decisions. Our job as Social Workers is to be knowledgeable of the professions needs and engage, assess, intervene, and evaluate with individuals, families and organizations in order to help them understand the value and importance of self-worth and self-determination when making decisions. The Canadian Association of Social Work (CASW) provides us with a Code of Ethics, which outlines the mission and values of the profession when dealing with ethical dilemmas. It creates a common framework for workers to develop approaches, understanding and boundaries to follow when working with clients (CASW, 2005). From†¦show more content†¦Being integrated with Social Work allows you to separate the cause and effect factors when counseling and helping clients through a broad range of situations. Your ethical behavior within the practice strives from your individual commitment to engage within the ethical practice (CASW, 2005). Generally speaking, you are working in the Child Protection department at the Children Aid’s Society when you are contacted by the school board regarding a 7-year-old girl named Anna. You have now been seeing Anna for six weeks, once a week. She has been sexually abused and this was verified by a medical examination, however, she has not disclosed who the perpetrator is. Despite no disclosure, the school and the Children’s Aid Society of Toronto speculate it is her mother’s boyfriend and the boyfriend still has access to her. The more time you spend with her the more she opens up to you. You feel she is getting closer to disclosing who the perpetrator is. During a session, she tells you that she has a â€Å"secret† she wants to tell you about â€Å"the bad man that hurt her† but she asks you to promise her first that you won’t tell anyone and if you can promise her that she will not tell you her â€Å"secret.† Building rapport and trustful relationships with clients is important to pull out aspects of situations that may otherwise be difficult to find, and help guide the dilemma accordingly based on the facts of the case. Social Workers have a

McKinsey free essay sample

1. Based on the information provided in the case, what kind of organizational structure does McKinsey use and why? How is it connected to its mentality type (type of company within the Bartlett Ghoshal typology)? Company has strongly embedded â€Å"One firm† structure, which relates to clients, employees and profits. They emphasise the individual consultant development, so called I-shaped consultants. It is team-based organisation with team-led sectors and segments. McKinsey’s have a system, developed over several decades, of professional principles, approach to serving clients, personnel policies, organization, ownership which enable firm workers to identify with the long-term goals of the institution. history and traditions of the firm have also cultivated values that encourage firm members to stick to policies that they might otherwise deviate from. All branches of a company combine a high degree of local autonomy with a one-firm policy. The manager of each office had broad operating responsibility and decision-making authority, but only within the limits of firm principles, strategy, and policies. According to the one-firm policy, all consultants were to be hired and promoted by the firm rather than by an office; partners profit shares were derived from a firm pool, not an office pool; and each client was to be treated as a client of a company, not of a particular individual or office. I think that McKinsey is a transnational type of company, because its subsidiaries are relatively independent from the rest of the company, since they are bonded to the local environment, to which they have to be very attentive. The transnational company is also described by Bartlett and Ghoshal as an integrated and interdependent network of various but equal units, where headquarters does not play a commanding role. Headquarters choose to control their subsidiaries by socialization and networks. All directors or management are elected from locals, company does not push their people from the main office for high positions. As company operate as a partnership all decisions are deliberated and discussed with partners. 2. How does McKinsey manage its knowledge and learning? Please analyze at least a couple of examples; connect them to their competitive advantage and mentality. According to Rajat Gupta â€Å"knowledge is the lifeblood of McKinsey†. Partnership work hard on their present and future methods of how to enhance and perfect knowledge. McKinsey is investing a lot of time and resources in the organizations knowledge, image, and capabilities. There are over 100 McKinsey offices in 60 countries. Over the last 12 years McKinsey has been ranked in the number one position of the The Best Consulting Firms: Prestige list. McKinsey maintains organisation called McKinsey Knowledge Centre (McKC) , which give a vast pool of specialised business information. In addition, consultant-authored internal practice development documents It conducts pro-bono studies that bring its partners into contact with influential members of the community. Company strive to bring and retain the best employees from top universities of the world. They employ the approach â€Å"engage-explore-apply-share†, which can characterized as one where focus is on the development of knowledge to strengthen individual and team capability. Also firm employs a â€Å"stewardship model† where consultants are regarded as â€Å"1000 flowers† who have to be guarded by and cared about. Furthermore company is known for hiring highly competitive and ambitious people, it want to see the results with time, therefore if someone does not improve and progress along with a company the one is fired. This concept is called â€Å"up or out†, 25% of firm employees are new every year. By having so many offices all over the world they also encourage and support the dissemination of information and knowledge between consultants. For example if one employee have difficulties at the end of a day, one can write messages to other employees in Europe and United States , the next morning there are usually seven or eight new advices, ideas and leads. McKinsey invested in building a reputation for management expertise by encouraging its staff to publish articles and books, they turned to big topics like â€Å"The Industry Structure in 2005† and â€Å"The Telephone Company of the Future†. As well company developed and introduced Telecom Intranet, which improved intra company sharing of knowledge and communication. 3. Why has McKinsey decided to establish the Client Services Team(CST), and what role does it play in the company Client service teams create an environment which support and facilitate interests of the clients. They focus employees on results-oriented efforts and engage all specialists with different knowledge . CST enhance client service and solidify client long-term relationships. As team members knowledge of the client deepens, unforeseen service opportunities often emerge. McKinsey recognizes the importance of client satisfaction in cultivating and retaining clients, and the crucial role that client service teams play in increasing that satisfaction. Moreover, strengthening and expanding client relationships is a critical tool for improving firms financial performance, and CST foster enduring relationships. CST practice is a vital part of company commitment to help their clients compete more effectively and achieve greater results. CST enhances communication among the firm and its key clients. Better informed team members are able to service clients more effectively and more proactively. The most effective company/client relationships consist of open and regular two-way communication. Company is stresses that business is always about people, therefore increasing client loyalty is a milestone in every successful business. Because CST improve service delivery, firms with effective team programs enjoy increased client satisfaction and loyalty. CST helps to build marketplace knowledge. By developing a growing dossier about the clients needs and the markets in which it operates, firm gain valuable marketplace insights that can benefit other clients as well as colleagues who represent other clients in that same industry sector. CST can foresee clients potential needs. Because they foster an exchange of information among all consultants servicing the client about important trends and developments affecting their business , McKinsey can help the client anticipate changes that will affect its chosen strategy. Firm employ â€Å"Engage-Explore-Apply-Share† model, where everyone is responsible for knowledge development. Priority is given to the Client Services Team. Because McKinsey is dealing a lot with unique problems with no clear solution, an unique approach must be taken. Moto of the company is to create the value to the customer and to get an experience or prestige on the way.

Motor Manufacturing Business Simulation Prestige Motor Company Performance Analysis

Business simulation is a process by which entrepreneurs single out the requirements needed in the business and then develop solutions that can satisfy these needs. The analysis is important since it ensures that a company’s resources are utilized in the most effective ways so as to achieve the goals of the company.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Motor Manufacturing Business Simulation: Prestige Motor Company Performance Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that, business simulations lead to reduced cost of production and other operations while on the other hand, increasing the profit margin (Cadle, Paul Yeates 2010, p. 3). There are aspects considered while analyzing a company. These factors include the history and the experience of the company, its objectives, market (target market), competition, financial status, and future plans among many other factors (Blais 2012, p. 39). This paper analyzes Prestige Motors Company on these various aspects. History and Experience of Prestige Motor Company Prestige Motor was formed 6 years ago by a group of automobile experts it is a locally based company. From the time this company was formed, it has been dealing in a wide range of executive vehicles. These models include PR-1, PR-2, PR-S1, PR-X2 and PR-M8. The company solely conducts its markets research as well as the marketing of its products (Leeds Metropolitan University 2009, p. 1). The company’s many years of experience make it one of the best car dealers in the entire region. It offers the best services to its customers and as a result, has been able to retain very many customers. Prestige Motor has a staff consisting of professionals of high caliber. The company offers some of the most attractive deals in the area. It is located at a convenient point making it very easy for the customers to trace it. In addition, it offers other services such as the sales of used vehicles. It accepts various forms of payment, a factor that could be considered as an advantage to the customers (Thomas 2008, p. 281). Objectives The main objective of Prestige Motor is to ensure that it offers the best services to its customers. For that reason, the company strives to produce the best and most modern car models.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To support the main objective, the company has developed other objectives. They include ensuring Prestige safety, improved information processing, developing models that are energy efficient and adoption of scientific advances (Carkenord 2008, p.13). Prestige Motor through its researchers has been able to bring to the market cars that have sensors. Sensors are devices that detect driver’s exhaustion and other factors that may interfere with the driver’s attention. This is a move geared at improving safety of the drivers while on the road. The move has dramatically reduced the occurrence of accidents that were initially caused by Prestige cars. Currently, the research team is working on a strategy to develop other safety systems such as those that detect developing dangers such as oncoming traffic and wind around prestige vehicles (Cadle, Paul Yeates 2010, p. 186). The company has achieved its first dream, transiting from electrical cars with power control machines to the ones with sensors. The company plans to produce cars with GPS that are voice-activated. In addition, these new makes will have emergency communication devices together with cell phones (Cadle, Paul Yeates 2010, p. 191). The company has succeeded in building an energy saving car models. In fact, it is the first company to produce a hybrid car in the region. This hybrid car is a product of semi-conductor power device know-how. At the moment, the company is looking for strategies that would enable it develop models with lower fuel consumption. There is also an ongoing research to establish cars with alternative energy sources such as solar cells (Carkenord 2008, p. 17). The research team is working on a plan to develop more efficient engines that consume less amount of fuel and which produce less noise. These models will be developed using engine vibration and stimulated airflow technology. The company also plans to make vehicles that are more aerodynamic based on mirror vibration and wind throb technology (Carkenord 2008, p. 35).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Motor Manufacturing Business Simulation: Prestige Motor Company Performance Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Market for Prestige‘s Products The company produces vehicles that only suit the need of the customers. This implies that Prestige Motor’s vehicles are manufactured according to the specifications of its research ers. The researchers provide the details that conform to the ones they gather in the fields. As a result, these vehicles are being produced to match customers’ specific need. The company has widened its market locally and globally (Carkenord 2008, p. 39). The company has discovered that, emerging economies purchase more cars than the economies that are already developed. For that reason, the company has been directing most of its marketing efforts to developing countries and very little, to developed ones. As a matter of fact, these emerging economies constitute more than 60% of the entire market for Prestige products. To ensure that these emerging markets are retained, the company manufactures relatively cheaper vehicles since most of these people are just average earners (Carkenord 2008, p. 30). The company relies on target marketing. All its marketing and adverts are directed to specific prospects, people who are likely to purchase the company’s products. The import ance of target marketing is that, it saves money and time. The marketing strategy ensures that all the marketing efforts and resources are directed to the right people. The strategy is also known to yield good outcomes (Cadle, Paul Yeates 2010, p. 35). The company’s main challenge is the companies which offer similar products but at a lower price. Even though, their products are of lower qualities, the fact that their products are cheaper hinders Prestige products from penetrating the market of the developing regions. Citizens of developing countries prefer to buy cheaper auto-mobiles in order to save money. They pay a lot of attention to cost thereby assuming the quality of a product (Carkenord 2008, p. 36). The Company’s Financial StatementAdvertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other Financial Statements of the Company Target Promotion Data retrieved from Leeds Metropolitan University 2009 Web The company has made a total sale amounting to 2378.74 sterling pounds. This was possible following the effective marketing and advertisement strategies it employed during the selling processes. The cost incurred while making the sales totaled to 2084.49 sterling pounds. The costs were far much less than the actual sales. As a result, the company recorded a pre-tax gross profit of 291.34 sterling pounds. Compared to its competitors, Prestige Company recorded relatively high gross profit. This implies that this company is competing fairly well in the motor manufacturing industry (Blais 2012, p. 109). The company has a gross margin of 12.24 sterling pounds. Gross margin is the difference between the cost of production and the sales revenue. The company’s margin is positive indicating that the company’s revenues surpassed the cost it incurred in produc ing these cars. In essence, this shows that Prestige Company is faring well in the industry. This is also reflected in the company’s fixed overheads and total overheads. The company’s total overheads amount to 159.81 sterling pounds and fixed overheads sum up to 563.85 pounds (Cadle, Paul Yeates 2010, p. 99). Since the company is still new in the motor manufacturing industry, there are some hidden expenses that it has to meet. These expenses have great impact on the operating profits. As a result, the company has recorded a bad operating profit of -345.86 sterling pounds. It is obvious that ones the operating profit is affected, post tax profit and sales margin will be affected as well. The company’s sales margin is -14.54% while the post tax profit is -690.53. If the company was an old one, these hidden expenses, which drastically reduce the gross profits, would be minimized. Still, the company’s trend shows that, it will be able to avoid such expenses in due course (Blais 2012, p. 112). The company still depends mostly on financial institutions in order to finance its operations. The revenues obtained from sales of the cars are not sufficient to cover all the expenses. For that reason, the company has been forced to dig deeper to its bank savings, to finance some of the operations. The company’s overall bank balance is -680.64 and 313.25 as the outstanding loan. In turn, this has affected the total profit, reducing it to -768.37. Still, the company’s management has been effective enough to prevent the effect from spreading to value of stock. The value of stock is maintained at zero (Carkenord 2008, p. 42). Even though the company has been able to maintain the value of stock at 0.00, it is evident that the company is in dire need of other sources to help it finance its operations. The management is currently working on a plan that will see the company finance most of its operations from its own revenues. This strateg y will assist in ensuring that the company avoids unnecessary debts that negatively affect its profits (Cadle, Paul Yeates 2010, p. 102). The company does not have many assets. Its assets in monetary value amount to 855.22 sterling pounds. These assets are sufficient enough to run the company. However, the company plans to add more assets under its expansion program. Probably, the small amount of the assets and reduced bank reserve has resulted in the company not being able to return value to the share holders and the assets. The total funds for share holders are recorded as -268.37 sterling pounds whereas the percentage of return on assets is -1538.45 (Blais 2012, p. 114) The company’s current ratio of 0.24 indicates that the company is still incapable of meeting all its short term liabilities using the short term assets. It is a common knowledge that the ratio determines a company’s ability to offset its short term liabilities. The lower the current ratio the more i ncapable the company is of meeting majority of its short term obligations. This also applies to the quick ratio. The company’s quick ratio is less than one. This implies that it still requires some interventions in order to be able to meet its short-term obligations (Blais 2012, p. 115). The company has recorded an interest cover of 587.93. Unlike the quick and the current ration, the interest cover is a bit encouraging. This cover determines the company’s profits adequacy in comparison to the interests it incurs on its debts. The cover is large enough and this shows that Prestige Company is able to pay all its interests using the profits it obtains from the sales (Cadle, Paul Yeates 2010, p. 107). There are five models of cars manufactured in Prestige Company. These models include PR-1, PR-2, PR-S1, PR-X2 and PR-M8 having workforce of 1500, 1500, 250, 250, 500 respectively. These models sell at 62000, 62000, 50000, 65000 and 50000 respectively. The fourth model has t he highest gross margin of, 19.13%. For that reason, the company plans to increase its labor force and the number of units produced, this move will increase the company’s sales. The move will also include increasing its market share from 0.50% to more than 2.60% (Leeds Metropolitan University 2009, p. 1). Recommendations Firstly, Prestige Company needs to increase the number of the shareholders. The current investors that the company currently has do not contribute enough money that can finance all the operations of the company. As a result, the company operates at a very low quick and current ratio. This is particularly dangerous since the company cannot fully finance its current liabilities using the current assets such as sales. Therefore, increasing the number of shareholders will automatically increase the amount of money that the company will reserve for any uncertainty (Thomas 2008, p. 272). The management of Prestige Company needs to re-examine the total number of emp loyees that serve at the manufacturing level. The number of units of a model needs to reflect the market share of that model. For instance, the model PR-M8 has been accorded smaller workforce whereas it has a bigger market share. Therefore, it is recommendable that the models, which sell most be accorded bigger workforce. This will increase the number of units produced thereby increasing the sales of that particular model (Thomas 2008, p. 274). Lastly, the current prices of Prestige models are slightly higher given that the company is new in the industry. People rarely purchase expensive cars which they have very little knowledge about. Therefore, it is only proper if the prices are slightly cut and the promotional activities for the models should be increased. This will have the effect of attracting more customers, which in turn will increase the sales volume (Thomas 2008, p. 275). References Blais, S 2012, Business analysis: best practices for success, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Cadle, J , Paul, D Yeates, D 2010, Business analysis, British informatics Society, Swindon. Carkenord, BA 2008, Seven steps to mustering business analysis, J. Ross Ft Publisher, Lauderdale, FL. Leeds Metropolitan University 2009, Business analysis and practice: x-stream. Web. Thomas, SJ 2008, The journey to improved business performance, Industrial Press, New York, NY. 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I have who has Grade 3 Essays - Elementary Arithmetic, Fraction

I have who has Grade 3 Essays - Elementary Arithmetic, Fraction I have who has Grade 3 Emilee Spence, Hannah Turner, and Kayla Cardwell Standards: Multiply and divide within 100. 7. Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., knowing that 8 5 = 40, one knows 40 5 = 8) or properties of operations. By the end of Grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic. 8. Solve two-step word problems using the four operations. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. 2. Fluently add and subtract within 1000 using strategies and algorithms based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction. 3. Multiply one-digit whole numbers by multiples of 10 in the range 1090 (e.g., 9 80, 5 60) using strategies based on place value and properties of operations. Develop understanding of fractions as numbers. 1. Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b. 3. Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size. a. Understand two fractions as equivalent (equal) if they are the same size, or the same point on a number line. b. Recognize and generate simple equivalent fractions, e.g., 1/2 = 2/4, 4/6 = 2/3). Explain why the fractions are equivalent, e.g., by using a visual fraction model. c. Express whole numbers as fractions, and recognize fractions that are equivalent to whole numbers. Examples: Express 3 in the form 3 = 3/1; recognize that 6/1 = 6; locate 4/4 and 1 at the same point of a number line diagram. d. Compare two fractions with the same numerator or the same denominator by reasoning about their size. Recognize that comparisons are valid only when the two fractions refer to the same whole. Record the results of comparisons with the symbols >, =, or I have 7 Who has 3 x 4 = ?I have 12 Who has 40 5 = ? I have 8 Who has 5 x 50 = ? I have 250 Who has the reduced fraction of 2/4? I have 1/2 is the reduced fraction Who has 100 2 = ?I have 50 Who has the fraction to represent the shaded area ? I have is the shaded area Who has 8 4 = ?I have 2 Who has 5 x 8 = ? I have 40 Who has the fraction to represent the shaded area ?I have Who has 9 x 0 = ? I have 0 Who has the reduced fraction of 2/2?I have 1 Who has 60 2 = ? I have 30 Who has 2 x 3 = ?I have 6 Who has 3 x 11 = ? I have 33 Who has =, , or > 2/4?I have = 2/4 Who has 100 4 = ? I have 25 Who has 8 x = 40?I have 5 Who has x 9 = 72? I have 8 Who has 141 + 127 = ?I have 268 Who has 35 x 5 = ? I have 175 Who has 28 4 = ?I have 7 Who has =, , or > 2/3? I have > 2/3 Who has 368 241 = ? I have 127 Who has 9 x 9 = ? I have 81 Who has the fraction of the shaded area ?I have 3/7 Who has 6 x 6 = ? I have 36 Who has 50 2 = ?I have 25 Who has the fraction of the shaded area ? I have Who has 8 x 5 = ?I have 40 Who has 200 + = 800 I have 600 Who has 2/2 is =, , or > 1I have 2/2 = 1 Who has 620 420 = ? I have 200 Who has 5 x 60 = ?I have 300 Who has the fraction of the shaded area ? I have 2/6 Who has if a pizza was divided into 10 equal slices and someone ate 6, what would be the fraction of the leftover pizza? I have 4/10 Who has 999 887 = ? I have 112 Who has 9 x 10 = ?I have 90 Who has is 2/3 is

Culture shock Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culture shock - Article Example The more one tries to learn and accept the new culture, the quicker the culture shock goes away. I agree to the description of culture shock presented in the article. The article gives a detailed insight into the topic of culture shock. Aspects discussed in the article include but are not limited to the definition of culture shock, how is it caused, the psychological and emotional effects of culture shock, what can be done about it, and which community is at the greatest risk of experiencing culture shock. After reading this article, one completely understands the concept of culture shock. I particularly agree to the author’s view that culture shock is experienced the most by people moving from advanced countries to the third world country because it is easier for the poor to adopt the culture of the rich country but people who have lived in a technologically developed environment with a lot of facilities find it very difficult to adjust into a country where there are not many

A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare Essay - 2

A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare - Essay Example He has tried to teach people how to dream of the impossible through this very play by letting people know that it is okay to encounter upon obstacles and pitfalls during the course of their lives. The main thing is to go beyond these and try and succeed no matter what the circumstance might be. The theme of the play is based on the darker aspect of what love is in the real world. Through the fairies, the playwright has tried to give a clear picture of how every couple in the world falls into a plethora of problems because of their relationship and how such a stance might be deceiving at times. At the same time, love also helps people to look into the lighter and more real side of things, for example, through the eyes of Puck Hermia and Lysander are able to live life with better ease as he provides them with a comic sense of understanding. The two finally get married as well, not remembering the events that they had encountered with respect to the darker side of their love, while serving time within the forest. It is this very aspect of love that drives all the characters around in their quest for ultimate peace and happiness and with time, they begin to understand how reality can be different if one has the power and ability to embrace the same. Along with this, a very heavy presence of patriarchal control can also be seen during the course of the story as the father always tries to assert his authority on his daughter. Through this, Shakespeare has tried to depict the kind of oppressed society that women at the time were subject to living within. Thus, even though the story initially portrays love to be of an evil kind, it slowly takes the reader into a realm where love is he one sought after emotion that the protagonists of the story are hell bent on complicating. Towards the end of the story one can easily see how love triumphs and emerges victorious as compared to any other emotion that must have

South Korea Travel and Tourism

South Korea Travel and Tourism Tourism is one of the worlds most important activities, involving millions of people, vast sums of money and generating employment in developing and industrial countries. The economies of Tourism presents new insight into the intricacies of tourism demand, firms and markets, their global interrelations and the fundamental contribution of environment to tourism activities, to offer an accessible, interdisciplinary analysis of the interwoven fields of tourism and economics. Today, tourism is one of the largest and dynamically developing sectors of external economic activities. Its high growth and development rates, considerable volumes of foreign currency inflows, infrastructure development, and introduction of new management and educational experience actively affect various sectors of economy, which positively contribute to the social and economic development of the country as a whole. Most highly developed western countries, such as Switzerland, Austria, and France have accumulated a big deal of their social and economic welfare on profits from tourism. According to recent statistics, tourism provides about 10% of the worlds income and employs almost one tenth of the worlds workforce. All considered, tourisms actual and potential economic impact is astounding. Many people emphasize the positive aspects of tourism as a source of foreign exchange, a way to balance foreign trade, an industry without chimney in short, manna from heaven. But there are also a number of other positive and negative factors of tourism on economy for local communities. Therefore in this essay the researcher will explain the impact on economy due to tourism to local communities. Relationship between Tourism and Economic Development Tourism is of great importance in any countrys economic growth and on conversely economic growth will initiate growth in tourism activities in any economy. The importance of economic development to tourism is widely accepted (Pearce, 1995). Tourism has been regarded as the main instrument for regional development as it stimulates new economic activities; it has a positive economic impact on the employment, foreign exchange earnings, production and gross income. However uncontrolled and unplanned tourism activities can lead to a negative impact on the society (Fossati and Panella, 2000). Positive Impact of Tourism on Economic Growth Tourism is classified as one of the fastest growing industries worldwide. It contributes extensive economic benefits on both sides, for the tourist home country as well as the visiting country. In less developed Countries tourism activities are regarded as resources which are expected to enhance economic growth. When tourists travel internationally apparently the host country earns foreign currency, hence the inflow of revenue creates government revenue, business turnover, household income and employment (Archer and Fletcher, 1991). Domestic tourism will have the same effects on the host country while international tourism creates an inflow of foreign currency while on the other hand domestic tourism creates spatial redistribution of local currency within the boundary of the country (Archer et al., 1998). Negative Impact of Tourism on Economic Growth Most Less Developed Countries (LDCs) depends on foreign aid from the developed world to stimulate its economic growth as well as to cover budget deficits in social services and infrastructure activities. In this context therefore, tourism growth creates an illusion to the aid provider to limit and cut their financial aid as a result many countries that depend on financial assistance are affected, which leads them remaining poor. For a different perspective the enormous inflow of tourists may lead to price increase of many goods and services in the tourist destinations by which in turn the societies around are affected as they have to follow the price pattern. Further more tourists are interested in very narrow range of products such as beauty products, gifts, sports equipments clothes, meals and special products like chocolates, which the local residents are not always in need of, and this leads them to change their buying behaviour and shift to other points of sale. On other hand it is assumed that mass tourism increases land price, it also creates additional demand for land whereby potential buyer compete hence a higher price. The local people are required to pay more for their homes. Generally, mass tourism leads to higher land value, more jobs and wealth. Conversely, in a situation when tourism demands are very high inflationary tensions in tourism spill over the economy at large and contribute to a large inflation (Wall and Mathieson, 2006). Travel and Tourism in South Korea The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is located about 500km off the coast of mainland China, and forms the entire southern half of the Korean peninsula. There are many hundreds of small islands to the south, most of them uninhabited. The territory is mixed in character, with considerable mountainous areas. Consequently, most of the largest settlements are on the southern and eastern coasts, the capital city of Seoul being the notable exception. The present capital is Seoul. Economy and Tourism of South Korea South Korea is Asias fourth-largest economy and slowed to 2.2% in 2008, after several years of strong growth. In 2009, GDP reduced by 0.8%, due to the global economic downturn. Given this countrys reliance on exports, the recovery would depend on the rebound of global demand. An economic recovery was expected in 2010 with a 3.7% growth in GDP, while further improvement is forecasted in 2011, with a 4.6% increase in GDP; Private consumption registered a moderate year-over-year increase of 0.9% in 2008 and is forecasted decline by 0.4% in 2009, before rebounding to 2.7% in 2010. In 2011, private consumption is expected to gain momentum and improve by 3.8%; The unemployment rate rose to 4.0% in 2009, which was due to the global economic slump as a result of demand from the export dependent country. The ensuing slowdown in employment has been the countries worst since the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis. As South Koreas economy emerged out of the 2009 recession, unemployment is forecasted at 4.1% in 2011, as employers remain cautious in hiring new employees; South Koreas consumer prices grew at their fastest pace with a 4.7% growth in 2008, which was caused by high oil and other commodity prices. Rising inflation has affected the countrys economic growth and has impacted the countrys ability to pull out of the recession in 2009. Inflation fell to 2.7% in 2009 and 2.1% in 2010; The Korean Won weakened greatly in 2008 and depreciated further in 2009. The Won is forecasted to appreciate in 2010 and improve by in 2011. Impact of the Global Recession The South Korean economy posted negative quarter-on-quarter growth of 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 in the wake of the economic turmoil triggered by the global financial crisis. This was the first time since the financial crisis in 2007 that negative growth was recorded. This was followed by positive growth of well below 1% in the first quarter of 2009 and 2% in the second quarter. In 2008, as the economy began to spiral downwards, the South Korean job market became unstable, and, as a result, unemployment rose to 4% in early 2009 from the average of 3.5% seen over the review period. More worryingly the unemployment rate amongst South Koreans in their 20s stood at nearly 9% in 2009. Furthermore, disposable income shrank in the majority of households. Meanwhile, during the first quarter of 2009, the lowest 20% of South Korean taxpayers saw a 5% decline in their average income. As the job market deteriorated, the government promoted a job sharing campaign, whereby annual pay increases were frozen or annual salaries reduced to enable the employment of more people. Increased job sharing is another factor contributing to the countrys declining disposable income levels. Current Impact As the economy continued to struggle, consumers reduced spending on clothing, leisure pursuits and dining out, according to a survey conducted by the South Korea Chamber of Commerce. Outbound tourism, which saw annual double digit volume growth over the first three years of the review period, saw negative growth of 7% in 2008, followed by a further decline of 18% in 2009. However, domestic tourism saw growth of 9% in 2009, as South Koreans continued to struggle as a result of the ongoing fallout of the global economic crisis. Furthermore, in line with this tendency of pursuing cost-effective domestic holidays, increased consumer preference for mid- and low-priced accommodation was evident. Outbound Tourism of South Korea Departures saw a turn down in 2008 after seeing double digit growth in each of the first three years of the review period. 2009 saw departures decline further as negative growth of 18% was recorded, largely due to economic uncertainty and the H1N1 pandemic. Compared with 2008, travel abroad became more affordable for Korean tourists following a strengthening of the won in the second half of 2009. However, the expected resultant increase in outbound tourism never materialised due to the global outbreak of the H1N1 virus. Outbound golf tourism decreased in popularity in 2008 and yet further in 2009. This was largely as a result of the ongoing impact which the global financial crisis had on the country, related to the increased price competitiveness of local golf courses. Outgoing tourists have became far more price-conscious since 2008, and the former reliance on package tours declined yet further in 2009 as a result of price increases driven by rising oil prices and a weakening of the South Korean won during the first half of 2009. Destinations Koreans Visit China, being a relatively inexpensive destination due to its proximity, is the most popular destination for South Korean tourists, particularly first-time travellers. Departures to China declined in both 2008 and 2009. Despite the decline seen in 2008 and 2009, China remained the most popular outbound destination, in accounting for 29% of all departures in 2009. Japan, the second most popular destination, accounted for 15% of all departures. Japan is a popular destination amongst South Koreans of all age groups because of the countrys wide variety of attractions, as well as its proximity. However, Japans high consumer prices and strength of the Japanese yen make it an unaffordable destination for many South Koreans. Departures by Country of Origin 000 people 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Australia 172.3 197.4 213.2 201.5 179.3 153.8 Canada 133.8 139.2 146.8 153.4 138.6 124.2 China 2534.8 3156.8 3512.8 4004.3 3520.4 2856.4 France 79.9 95.2 107.8 121 114 100.7 Germany 141.8 141.3 124 140.9 125.9 111.6 Hong Kong, China 86.4 105.6 98.2 106.7 109.1 107.4 India 305.4 403.3 512.6 636.7 684.7 571.6 Indonesia 228.4 252 280.5 327.8 369.1 356.8 Japan 1569.2 1734.8 1917.9 2345.8 2167.2 1463.8 Malaysia 91.2 158.2 189.4 224.9 267.5 234.5 Philippines 90.7 91.8 97.8 83.3 68.2 54.8 Russia 337.2 452 569 654 611 567.5 Singapore 52.9 54.7 47.5 56.1 51.9 47.3 Taiwan 190 269.1 368 396.6 363 325.6 Thailand 134.6 171.9 176.5 201.8 222.3 183.2 United Kingdom 754.1 781.3 898.8 881.2 759.6 613 USA 111.8 116 120.1 129.9 110.3 93.1 Vietnam 627.6 658.1 687.7 724.9 686.2 626.9 Other Countries of Origin 1118 1189.7 1008.7 889.7 870.7 789.4 Total 8760.1 10168.4 11077.3 12280.5 11419 9381.6 (Source: Euromonitor International) Leisure Outbound The decline in outbound tourism witnessed in 2009 was mainly due to a decline in leisure departures. Leisure departures saw a decline of 20%, or close to 2 million people, in 2009 mainly as a result of the ongoing effects of the global financial crisis and the negative impact of the H1N1 virus. Organised tour groups departures saw decline of 23% in 2009 as Koreans avoided expensive package holiday products. The proportion of total departures accounted for by organised tour groups saw a steady decline over the review period from 52% in 2005 to 40% in 2009. While organised tour groups showed a downwards trend, the number of free independent travellers (FITs) saw growth over the review period, although a decline was witnessed in 2009. Business Outbound Business departures at 2 million in 2009 comprised 22% of total outbound tourists in 2009. MICE tourists accounted for 86% of total business departures in 2009. The consistent flow of both leisure and particularly business tourists to the US left the country as the third largest destination for South Korean tourists in 2009. Despite the fact that the H1N1 virus became widespread in the US following its initial outbreak, departures to the US only saw a decline of 9% in 2009, compared to the 18% decline seen in departures as a whole. Inbound Tourism of South Korea Following the strong arrivals growth of 8% witnessed in 2008, inbound tourism was further boosted by the declining value of the South Korean won against the US dollar and Japanese yen in 2009, leading to arrivals growth of 15%. Furthermore, inbound tourist receipts saw growth of 10% in 2009. As the South Korean economy began to recover over the course of the year, the won strengthened and, as a result inbound tourism began to taper off from June 2009. While incoming tourist receipts increased by 10% in 2009, arrivals saw growth of 15%, as average spend per visitor declined. While Hallyu, a term referring to the popularity of South Korean culture, artists and media content, particularly television dramas, still motivates Asian tourists to visit the country, the national tourist office increased its efforts to boost inbound tourism in the wake of the strengthening of the South Korean won. The Korea Tourism Organisation (KTO) issued coupon books for independent tourists travelling from Asia. These contained coupons issued by nearly 20 entities, including retailers, theatres, theme parks, restaurants and skin care shops, and offered discounts ranging from 5% to 50%. The coupon books were distributed through consulates and KTOs English-language website. Country of Origin Arrivals from Japan saw growth of 28% in 2009 to reach 3 million, 45% of total arrivals. The strengthened value of the Japanese yen revived outbound tourism in Japan, and South Korea saw a surge in Japanese tourists in 2008. The Japanese tourist inflow increased further during the first four months of 2009, but slowed thereafter, as the Korean won began to strengthen against the Japanese yen. Furthermore the Japanese government recommend travel restrictions in light of the H1N1 virus outbreak. Despite these setbacks the arrivals growth of 28% seen in 2009 represented a significant improvement on the 6% recorded in 2008. China was South Koreas second largest source of inbound tourists in 2009 in accounting for 15% of total arrivals during the year. Arrivals from China saw growth of 10% in 2009, down from the 15% witnessed in 2008. According to the Korea Tourism Organisation, this decline was due to the failure of organised tour groups to attract sufficient tourist numbers in June and July. The majority of Chinese tourists to South Korea come in organised tours due to the incentives on offer from travel agents in collaboration with many related parties, including local government agencies eager to attract Chinese tourists. Arrivals by Country of Origin 000 people 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Australia 75.2 82.7 87.6 89 100.3 98.2 Canada 93 121.4 130 118.9 125.7 130.7 China 410.3 494.1 626.2 814.8 939.7 1031 France 35.2 38 40.6 46.6 52.3 52.6 Germany 59.7 66.4 67.2 74.1 78.2 83.8 Hong Kong, China 147 157 134.7 131.2 151.2 198.6 India 33.4 34.3 36.7 41 42.9 39.6 Indonesia 34.9 35.4 35.8 38.7 48.9 46.2 Japan 2409.9 2406.6 2310.4 2204.6 2345.6 2994.1 Malaysia 73 75 74.3 65.7 66.9 61.2 Philippines 60.3 62.9 69.3 70.3 75.2 74.4 Russia 76.7 62 61.3 62.9 66.2 66.9 Singapore 74.6 71.6 70.9 75.3 77 77.5 Taiwan 305.5 352.1 328.1 326.1 315 342.7 Thailand 70.1 77 88.6 99.5 116.9 134.3 United Kingdom 64.5 70.8 73.5 74.6 81.9 84.7 USA 535.8 556.1 637.3 659.6 674.8 661.3 Vietnam 20.3 27.3 28.9 37.8 51.6 60.8 Other Countries of Origin 319.1 329.3 339.9 364.3 389.3 420.3 Total 4898.5 5120 5241.3 5395 5799.6 6658.9 (Source: Euromonitor International) City Arrivals South Koreas capital, Seoul remained the most popular destination for arrivals in 2009, as more than 2.5 million inbound tourists visited the city. Inchon, Busan, Jeju, Daegu and Daejeon were the next most popular destinations. Seoul offers a variety of attractions, including cultural treasures such as museums and palaces, as well as huge marketplaces, theme/amusement parks and beauty shops. Myongdong downtown area is host to a variety of activities, including shopping, dining out, skin care, and entertainment. The large number of inbound tourists visiting traditional marketplaces in 2008 and 2009 compensated for the reduction in local shoppers seen as a result of the economic downturn. According to a national tourist office survey, shopping remains one of the most popular activities amongst inbound tourists visiting South Korea. The city of Incheon has seen arrivals growth in recent years not only because of its proximity to Koreas largest international airport, but also due to the promotion of the new business centre located there. A business hub, which uses Dubai as a benchmark, is being developed in Songdo on 1,500 acres of reclaimed land. With the planned city slowly taking shape, Incheon Metropolitan Government has been actively promoting Songdo globally as a venue for international events. Leisure Inbound Leisure arrivals, which saw growth of 17%, accounted for some 95% of total arrivals in 2009. The increase in leisure arrivals in the midst of the fallout from the global economic crisis was largely attributable to the weakening of the South Korean won. Organised tour groups accounted for 35% of total arrivals in 2009. Organised tour groups remain the most popular way to travel to South Korea due to the language barrier involved for the majority of arrivals. Business Inbound Business arrivals saw a decline of 8% from 382,509 in 2008 to 349,211 in 2009. This decline was largely as a result of the global economic downturn, as companies reduced their spending on business travel. The share of total business arrivals accounted for by Meetings, incentives, conferences and events (MICE) increased from 91% in 2008 to 93% in 2009. MICE arrivals were less affected than other types of business arrivals, as KTO has actively sought to attract them through its subsidiary, Korea Convention Bureau (KCB) since 1979. Furthermore, an increased number of large scale MICE events, such as the 2009 Herbalife Asia Pacific Extravaganza which attracted 20,000 attendees, were held in Seoul in 2009. The national tourist office claims that South Korea is the twelfth-ranked country in terms of hosting international meetings. South Korea held 293 international meetings in 2008, up from 268 meetings recorded in 2007. Efforts Made To Uplift Tourism Domestic Tourism Sees Healthy Volume Growth In the recent years South Koreans have turned to domestic travel, as outbound tourism became unaffordable for them, in the dire economic climate. Jeju Island, South Koreas most popular domestic holiday destination, due to its exotic subtropical climate and well established resorts, saw a record number of visitors in 2009. Furthermore there were a number of people who visited national parks as large percentage of population choose a relatively inexpensive holiday due to the recession. The number of domestic tourists visiting campsites also grew significantly, partly due to the increased number of auto-campsites available, but also due to a growing consumer desire to save money. Low Cost Carriers Achieve Higher Penetration Low cost carriers contributed to the growth seen in domestic tourism by providing affordable flights. The role of low cost carriers remains insignificant on international routes due to the limited number of routes covered. But low cost flights to domestic holiday destinations became increasingly popular in 2009, which helped South Koreas four low cost carriers improve their position in domestic air travel. In general, air travel is not a popular mode of transportation for domestic travel, due to South Koreas relatively limited size. However, it is the preferred mode for tourists looking to visit Jeju Island. The use of low cost carriers for the 30 minute flight to Jeju Island became commonplace amongst domestic tourists in 2009. Medical Tourism as a Tourism Growth Driver The South Korean medical sector was subject to strict advertising restrictions under previous legislation. However, the government is now supporting its liberalisation in the hope of increasing competition. Hospitals will be allowed to advertise their services through television for the first time. The liberalisation of South Koreas medical sector is expected to promote the growth of medical tourism in the country. South Koreas advanced medical resources and competitive prices are expected to see the country become an increasingly important medical tourist destination. Some travel retailers have already taken steps to establish themselves as leaders in this emerging field. In 2007, 6.4 million foreign tourists visited South Korea, making it the 36th most visited country in the world and this number is expected to exceed 8.5 million in 2010. Most non Korean tourists come from Japan, China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. The recent popularity of popular culture in these countries has increased tourist arrivals. Seoul is the principal tourist destination for visitors; popular tourist destinations outside of Seoul include Seorak-san national park, the historic city of Gyeongju and semi-tropical Jeju Island. Traveling to North Korea is not normally possible without a special permission, but in recent years organized group tours have allowed groups of South Korean citizens to visit Kumgang-san. The Positive and Negative Social and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Socially tourism has a great influence on the host societies. Tourism can be both a source of international amity, peace and understanding and a destroyer and corrupter of indigenous cultures, a source of ecological destruction, an assault of peoples privacy, dignity, and authenticity. Here are possible positive effects of tourism: Developing positive attitudes towards each other Learning about each others culture and customs Reducing negative perceptions and stereotypes Developing friendships Developing pride, appreciation, understanding, respect, and tolerance for each others culture Increasing self-esteem of hosts and tourists Psychological satisfaction with interaction So, social contacts between tourists and local people may result in mutual appreciation, understanding, tolerance, awareness, learning, family bonding respect, and liking. Residents are educated about the outside world without leaving their homes, while their visitors significantly learn about a distinctive culture. Local communities are benefited through contribution by tourism to the improvement of the social infrastructure like schools, libraries, health care institutions, internet cafes, and so on. Besides, if local culture is the base for attracting tourists to the region, it helps to preserve the local traditions and handicrafts which maybe were on the link of the extinction. On the other side tourism can increase tension, hostility, and suspicion. Claims of tourism as a vital force for peace are exaggerated. Indeed there is little evidence that tourism is drawing the world together (Robinson 1999). In this context economic and social impacts on the local community depend on how much of the incomes generated by tourists go to the host communities. In most all-inclusive package tours more than 80% of travellers fees go to the airlines, hotels and other international companies, not to local businessmen and workers. On the other hand large hotel chain restaurants often import food to satisfy foreign visitors and rarely employ local staff for senior management positions, preventing local farmers and workers from reaping the benefit of their presence. Tourism has the power to affect cultural change. Successful development of a resource can lead to numerous negative impacts. Among these are overdevelopment, assimilation, conflict, and artificial reconstruction. While presenting a culture to tourists may help preserve the culture, it can also dilute or even destroy it. The point is to promote tourism in the region so that it would both give incomes and create respect for the local tradition and culture. There are also both negative and positive impacts of tourism on the local ecology. Tourism often grows into mass-tourism. It leads to the over consumption, pollution, and lack of resources.